Annual Report 2013

StartSearchHere

Note 2 Financial risk management

Financial risk management

The Group is exposed to a number of risks coming from liquid funds, trade receivables, customer-financing receivables, payables, borrowings, commodities and foreign exchange. The risks are primarily:

  • Interest-rate risk on liquid funds and borrowings
  • Financing risk in relation to the Group’s capital requirements
  • Foreign-exchange risk on commercial flows and net investments in foreign subsidiaries
  • Commodity-price risk affecting the expenditure on raw materials and components for goods produced
  • Credit risk relating to financial and commercial activities

The Board of Directors of Electrolux has approved a financial policy as well as a credit policy for the Group to manage and control these risks. (Hereinafter all policies are referred to as the Financial Policy.) These risks are to be managed by, amongst others, the use of financial derivative instruments according to the limitations stated in the Financial Policy. The Financial Policy also describes the management of risks relating to pension fund assets.

The management of financial risks has largely been centralized to Group Treasury in Stockholm. Local financial issues are also managed by three regional treasury centers located in Singapore, North America, and Latin America. Measurement of risk in Group Treasury is performed by a separate risk-controlling function on a daily basis. The method used for measuring risk in the financial position is parametric Value-at-Risk (VaR). The method shows the maximum potential loss in one day with a probability of 97.5% and is based on the statistical behavior of the FX spot and interest-rate markets during the last 150 business days. To emphasize recent movements in the market, the weight of the rates decrease further away from the valuation date. By measuring the VaR risk, Group Treasury is able to monitor and follow up on the Group’s risks across a wide variety of currencies and markets. The main limitation of the method is that events not showing in the statistical data will not be reflected in the risk value. Also, due to the confidence level, there is a 2.5% risk that the loss will be larger than indicated by the risk figure. Therefore, stress tests and/or explicit exposure specifications are used in addition to the VaR measure. Examples of stress tests are the financial implications if the interest rate goes up or down by x%, a currency appreciates or depreciates by y%, and a commodity price increases or drops by z%. Furthermore, there are guidelines in the Group’s policies and procedures for managing operational risk relating to financial instruments by segregation of duties and power of ­attorney.

The Financial Policy allocates mandate expressed in VaR-terms to deviate from the stipulated currency, interest and commodity exposures. The mandates are utilized to support acquisitions or to reduce non-desired exposures.

Interest-rate risk on liquid funds and borrowings

Interest-rate risk refers to the adverse effects of changes in interest rates on the Group’s income. The main factors determining this risk include the interest-fixing period.

Liquid funds

Liquid funds as defined by the Group consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, derivatives, prepaid interest expenses and accrued interest income. Electrolux goal is that the level of liquid funds including unutilized committed credit facilities shall correspond to at least 2.5% of annualized net sales. In addition, net liquid funds defined as liquid funds less short-term borrowings shall exceed zero, taking into account fluctuations arising from acquisitions, divestments, and seasonal variations. The main criteria for the investments is that the instruments are highly liquid and have creditworthy issuers (see Credit risk in financial activities on page 114).

Interest-rate risk in liquid funds

All investments are interest bearing instruments, normally with maturities between 0 and 3 months. A downward shift in the yield curves of one-­percentage point would reduce the Group’s interest income by approximately SEK 70m (70). For more information, see Note 18 on page 123.

Borrowings

The debt financing of the Group is managed by Group Treasury in order to ensure efficiency and risk control. Debt is primarily taken up at the parent company level and transferred to subsidiaries through internal loans or capital injections. In this process, swap instruments are used to convert the funds to the required currency. Short-term financing is also undertaken locally in subsidiaries where there are capital restrictions. The Group’s bor­rowings contain no financial covenants that can trigger prema­ture cancellation of the loans. For additional information, see Note 18 on page 123.

Interest-rate risk in borrowings

Group Treasury manages the long-term loan portfolio to keep the average interest-fixing period between 0 and 3 years. Derivatives, such as interest-rate swap agreements, are used to manage the interest-rate risk by changing the interest from fixed to floating or vice versa. On the basis of 2013 long-term interest-bearing borrowings with an average interest fixing period of 1.0 (1.4) years, a one-percentage point shift in interest rates would impact the Group’s interest expenses by approximately SEK +/-70m (50) in 2013. This calculation is based on a parallel shift of all yield curves simultaneously by one-percentage point. Electrolux acknow­ledges that the calculation is an approximation and does not take into consideration the fact that the interest rates on different maturities and different currencies might change differently.

Capital structure and credit rating

The Group defines its capital as equity stated in the balance sheet including non-controlling interests. In 2013, the Group’s capital was SEK 14,308m (15,726). The Group’s objective is to have a capital structure resulting in an efficient weighted cost of capital and sufficient credit worthiness where operating needs and the needs for potential acquisitions are considered.

To achieve and keep an efficient capital structure, the Financial Policy states that the Group’s long-term ambition is to maintain a long-term rating within a safe margin from a non-investment grade. In 2013, the outlook for the rating was changed to negative by Standard & Poor’s.

Rating

Long-term debt Outlook Short-term debt Short-term debt, Nordic
Standard & Poor’s BBB+ Negative A-2 K-1

When monitoring the capital structure, the Group uses different key numbers which are consistent with methodologies used by rating agencies and banks. The Group manages the capital struc­ture and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, buy back own shares or issue new shares, or sell assets to reduce debt.

Financing risk

Financing risk refers to the risk that financing of the Group’s capital requirements and refinancing of existing borrowings could become more difficult or more costly. This risk can be decreased by ensur­ing that maturity dates are evenly distributed over time, and that total short-term borrowings do not exceed liquidity levels. The net borrowings, total borrowings less liquid funds, excluding seasonal variances, shall be long-term according to the Financial Policy. The Group’s goals for long-term borrowings include an average time to maturity of at least 2 years, and an even spread of maturi­ties. A maximum of SEK 5,000m of the long-term borrowings are allowed to mature in a 12-month period. For additional information, see Note 18 on page 123.

Foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk refers to the adverse effects of changes in foreign exchange rates on the Group’s income and equity. In order to manage such effects, the Group covers these risks within the framework of the Financial Policy. The Group’s overall currency exposure is managed centrally.

Transaction exposure from commercial flows

The Financial Policy stipulates the hedging of forecasted flows in foreign currencies. Taking into consideration the price-fixing periods, commercial circumstances and the competitive environment, business sectors within Electrolux can have a hedging horizon of up to 8 months of forecasted flows. Hedging horizons outside this period are subject to approval from Group Treasury. The operating units hedge 100% of invoiced flows and 70% of forecasted flows. Group subsidiaries cover their risks in commercial currency flows mainly through the Group’s treasury centers. Group Treasury thus assumes the currency risks and covers such risks externally by the use of currency derivatives.

The Group’s geographically widespread production reduces the effects of changes in exchange rates. The remaining transaction exposure is either related to internal sales from producing entities to sales companies or external exposures from pur­chasing of components and input material for the production paid in foreign currency. These external imports are often priced in US dollars. The global presence of the Group, however, leads to a significant netting of the transaction exposures. For additional information on exposures and hedging, see Note 18 on page 123.

Translation exposure from consolidation of entities outside Sweden

Changes in exchange rates also affect the Group’s income in connection with translation of income statements of foreign subsidiaries into Swedish krona. Electrolux does not hedge such exposure. The translation exposures arising from income statements of foreign subsidiaries are included in the sensitivity analysis mentioned below.

Foreign exchange sensitivity from transaction and translation exposure

The major currencies that Electrolux is exposed to are the US dollar, the euro, the Brazilian real, and the Australian dollar. Other significant exposures are the Swiss franc, the British pound and the Chinese renminbi. These currencies represent the majority of the exposures of the Group, but are largely offsetting each other as different currencies represent net inflows and outflows. Taking into account all currencies of the Group, a change up or down by 10% in the value of each currency would affect the Group’s profit and loss for one year by approximately SEK +/- 450m (550), as a static calculation. The model assumes the distribution of earnings and costs effective at year-end 2013 and does not include any dynamic effects, such as changes in competitiveness or consumer behavior arising from such changes in exchange rates.

Sensitivity analysis of major currencies
Risk Change Profit or loss impact 2012 Profit or loss impact 2013
Currency


BRL/SEK -10% -378 -456
AUD/SEK -10% -220 -263
GBP/SEK -10% -182 -231
CHF/SEK -10% -137 -185
CAD/SEK -10% -158 -157
RUB/SEK -10% -163 -131
ARS/SEK -10% -130 -117
CNY/SEK -10% 229 211
EUR/SEK -10% 592 350
USD/SEK -10% 654 722

Exposure from net investments (balance sheet exposure)

The net of assets and liabilities in foreign subsidiaries constitute a net investment in foreign currency, which generates a translation difference in connection with consolidation. This exposure can have an impact on the Group’s total comprehensive income, and on the capital structure. Net investments are only hedged to ensure any of the following objectives: 1) to protect key ratios important to the Group’s credit rating, 2) financial covenants (if any), and 3) to protect net investments corresponding to financial investments such as excess liquidity. In case of hedging the Group’s net investments, it is implemented within the Parent Company in Sweden.

A change up or down by 10% in the value of each currency against the Swedish krona would affect the net investment of the Group by approximately SEK +/- 2,770m (2,910), as a static calculation at year-end 2013. At year-end 2013, as well as year-end 2012, none of the net investments were currency hedged.

Commodity-price risks

Commodity-price risk is the risk that the cost of direct and indirect materials could increase as underlying commodity prices rise in global markets. The Group is exposed to fluctuations in com­modity prices through agreements with suppliers, whereby the price is linked to the raw-material price on the world market. This exposure can be divided into direct commodity exposure, which refers to pure commodity exposures, and indirect commodity exposure, which is defined as exposure arising from only part of a component. Commodity-price risk is mainly managed through contracts with the suppliers. A change in price up or down by 10% in steel would affect the Group’s profit or loss with approximately SEK +/- 700m (800) and in plastics with approximately SEK +/- 600m (600), based on volumes in 2013.

Credit risk

Credit risk in financial activities

Exposure to credit risks arises from the investment of liquid funds, and derivatives. In order to limit exposure to credit risk, a counterpart list has been established, which specifies the maximum permissible exposure in relation to each counterpart. Both investments of liquid funds and derivates are done with issuers and counterparts holding a long-term rating of at least A- defined by Standard & Poor’s or a similar rating agency. Group Treasury can allow exceptions from this rule, e.g., to enable money deposits within countries rated below A-, but this represents only a minor part of the total liquidity in the Group. The Group strives for arranging master netting agreements (ISDA) with the counterparts for derivative transactions and has established such agreements with the majority of the counterparts, i.e., if counterparty will default, assets and liabilities will be netted. To reduce the settlement risk in foreign exchange transactions made with banks, Group Treasury uses Continuous Linked Settlement (CLS). CLS eliminates temporal settlement risk since both legs of a transaction are settled simultaneously.

Credit risk in trade receivables

Electrolux sells to a substantial number of customers in the form of large retailers, buying groups, independent stores, and professional users. Sales are made on the basis of normal delivery and payment terms. The Electrolux Group Credit Policy defines how credit ­management is to be performed in the Electrolux Group to achieve competitive and professionally performed credit sales, limited bad debts, and improved cash flow and optimized profit. On a more detailed level, it also provides a minimum level for customer and credit-risk assessment, clarification of responsibilities and the framework for credit decisions. The credit-decision process combines the parameters risk/reward, payment terms and credit protection in order to obtain as much paid sales as possible. In some markets, Electrolux uses credit insurance as a mean of protection. Credit limits that exceed SEK 300m are decided by the Board of Directors. For many years, Electrolux has used the Electrolux Rating Model (ERM) to have a common and objective approach to credit-risk assessment that enables more standardized and systematic credit evaluations to minimize inconsistencies in decisions. The ERM is based on a risk/reward approach and is the basis for the customer assessment. The ERM consists of three different parts: Customer and Market Information; Warning Signals; and a Credit Risk Rating (CR2). The risk of a customer is determined by the CR2 in which customers are classified.

There is a concentration of credit exposures on a number of customers in, primarily, USA, Latin America and Europe. For additional information, see Note 17 on page 122.

StopSearchHere

Back to top